System Analysis and Design course

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS WORKED EXAMPLES 5.1 What is the main merit of DFD? The main merit of DFD is that it provides an overview of what data flows in a system, what transformations are done on the data, what files are used and where results flow. 5.2 What is the role of DFD as a documentation aid? It is a good documentation aid which is understood by both programmers and non-programmers (i.e., laypersons). As DFD specifies only what processes are performed and not how they are performed it is easily understood by a non- programming user. 5.3 What is a context diagram? A diagram giving an entire system’s data flows and processing with a single Process (circle) is called a context diagram. 5.4 What do you understand by levelling of DFD? A context diagram is expanded into a number of inter-related processes. Each process may be further expanded into a set of inter-connected sub processes. This procedure of expanding a DFD is known as levelling. 5.5 What is a physical DFD? A physic...

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS WORKED EXAMPLES 4.1 What is the difference between main goals and sub-goals? Illustrate with an example. Main goal is based on a primary objective and sub-goals are secondary or subsidiary which are related to the main objective. For example, the main goal and sub-goals of an inventory control system may be as follows: Main goal: Reduce total inventory cost by 10% Sub-goals: (i) Find out items which are 50% above buffer level to take appropriate action. (ii)Find out items whose cost is 50% above average cost for closer control. 4.2 Is it essential to use computers in all information systems? No. Better systematization may sometimes be adequate to meet goals. However with the reduction in the cost of computers most organizations use computers. 4.3 Distinguish between technical, operational, and economic feasibility. A solution is technically feasible if technology is available to implement it. It is operationally feasible if it can fit in within the ex...

INFORMATION GATHERING WORKED EXAMPLES 3.1) Describe the general strategy an analyst should use to gather information. Strategy consists of i)identifying information sources. ii)evolving a method of obtaining information from the identified source. iii)using an information flow model of the organization 3.2) What are the main sources of information of an organization. i) Users of systems. ii) Forms and documents used in the organization. iii) Procedure manuals and rule books (if any). iv) Internal reports. v) Any computer program of existing system. 3.3) How should an analyst prepare before an interview? i) Make prior appointment with the person to be interviewed and inform the purpose of the interview, and how much time you would require. ii) An interview should be brief and not exceed 40 minutes. iii)read the background material and go prepared with a checklist. 3.4) Are there some guidelines for good interviewing? Give reasons. Yes. The guidelines for good inter...

Systems Analysis and Design Life Cycle 2.1 Who do you think should participate in determining the information requirements of a student’s hostel? • Warden of hostel • Hostel Superintendent • Accountant • Student Representatives • Principal of college is consulted at the beginning 2.2 What is the difference between information requirement determination and specification? • Information requirement determination attempts to find out what strategic, tactical, operational information is needed to effectively manage an organization. • Information specification defines the manner in which the information will be presented and what analyzed data it 2.3 Why is feasibility analysis necessary before designing a system? Feasibility analysis mean to analyze whether there is a reasonable chance of the project succeeding given the constraints of computing equipment, human resources, data availability i.e. before investing money and time one should know what resources are needed for it t...

INFORMATION FOR MANAGEMENT WORKED EXAMPLES 1.1) If an information system were to be designed for a hospital, what would be the strategic and tactical information? Strategic information in hospital 1.Cost-benefit of a new expensive diagnostic instrument. (Such as CAT scanner). 2. Long-term forecasts for opening a ward for old age patients. 3.Technical developments in routine diagnostic instruments and decision to upgrade existing instruments. Tactical information in hospital 1.Optimum replacement periods and use of expensive instruments. 2.Optimum level of drugs to be stocked keeping in view expiry dates of drugs. 3.Operation theatre utilization data for improved performance 1.2) For a hospital information system what would be the Operational information required? 1. List of patients discharged, admitted in every department. 2. Occupancy of beds and schedules for admission of patients. 3. Absenteeism data of nurses and technicians. 4. Operation theatre allotment and schedul...

How to use the tools •Most tools have a user’s guide which is given as help files along with the tool •Many have FAQ’s and search capabilities •Details on several open domain tools and what they do is given below. I. SYSTEM FLOWCHART AND ER-DIAGRAM GENERATION TOOL Name of the tool: SMARTDRAW URL : This Software can be downloaded from : http://www.smartdraw.com. This is a paid software, but a 30-day free trial for learning can be downloaded. Requirements to use the tool: PC running Windows 95, 98 or NT. The latest versions of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator, and about 20MB of free space. What the tool does: Smartdraw is a perfect suite for drawing all kinds of diagrams and charts: Flowcharts, Organizational charts, Gantt charts, Network diagrams, ER- diagrams etc. The drag and drop readymade graphics of thousands of templates from built-in libraries makes drawing easier. It has a large drawing area and drawings from this tool can be embedded into Word, Excel and Power...

Payment in E-Commerce In any commercial transaction payment is an integral part for goods supplied. Four types of payments may be made in e-commerce they are •Credit card payments •Electronic cheque payments •Micro or small payments for internet based services such as music download. •Electronic-cash payments Each of these requires a different system of payment. Review Of Manual Credit Card Payment Four parties are invoked in credit card payments. They are: • Customer having a credit card • Merchant accepting credit cards (such as VISA, MASTER CARD etc) • Bank which issues credit cards to customers and collects payments from customers •Acquirer which is financial institution that establishes an account with a merchant, validates credit card information sent electronically by merchant and authorises sale based on customer’s credit status. Acquirer accepts credit cards of several card companies and guarantees payment to merchants. Acquirer gets reimbursed by bank issuing cr...